An experimental investigation into the pre-treatment of synthetic membranes using sodium hydroxide solutions

In this paper the effect of two pre-treatment methods are compared experimentally for the filtration of (i) a spent sulphite liquor (17.8 wt.% dry solids) using a 20 kg mol⁻¹ molar mass cut off (MMCO) fluoropolymer membrane and (ii) a molasses solution (45° Brix) using a polysulphone (Psf) membrane (1.5 μm pore size). Both feeds are industrially relevant, and subject to severe fouling issues when membranes are used in their subsequent processing. The pre-treatment methods evaluated were: (i) conditioning with water at 60 °C only [Protocol 1], and (ii) conditioning with water at 60 °C followed by cleaning with 0.5 wt.% NaOH [Protocol 2]. Results are presented that confirm the benefits of sodium hydroxide preconditioning upon performance, supporting the suggestion by some membrane manufacturers that this step be included as part of the pre-treatment protocol.     

Effect of exposure time on the morphology of corrosion on high chromium white cast iron in high temperature caustic solutions

High chromium white irons are important candidate materials for use in alumina refineries to combat wear and corrosion. The effect of exposure time on the formation of oxide films was studied in a 23% Cr white cast iron exposed at 260 °C in 110 g/l caustic soda solutions. It was found that whilst well‐formed octahedral M(II)O.M(III)₂O₃ spinel type oxides initially formed and spread across the surface of the material, these were gradually replaced by a background oxide with a higher Cr/Fe ratio and the morphology of the octahedral crystals became less well formed. Also, the oxidation was found to be predominantly in the matrix material, leaving carbide particles unsupported on the surface and in the later stages, significant corrosion was found along the carbide/matrix phase boundary.     

新型稠油采收降黏助剂的研制和应用

研制了稠油采收降黏助剂，表面活性剂单体选用了主要成分为木质素磺酸盐的造纸废液作为分散剂，减少了环境污染。配方定型和配方复配中，将降黏剂改为两剂型，有效利用了溶解热。对该降黏剂进行了稠油乳化降黏实验，稠油黏度由8371mPa·s降至23，2mPa·s，总降黏率达99％以上。室内和现场实验效果良好，解决了稠油采收的难题，提高了稠油油藏的采收率。     

酒文化资源开发利用中的规制问题研究

我国具有悠久的酒文化历史,现实中的酒文化俨然已成为区域经济发展中不可忽视的一股力量.有效开发白酒文化资源以推动区域经济的发展,需要建立这种文化资源开发利用上合理有效的秩序.经验证明,这种秩序无法在单纯市场自发的条件下得到建立,在白酒文化资源的开发中引入规制成为必要.基于这种判断,在市场交易、管理交易和配额交易的路径上,建设私人规制和公共规制相结合的规制体系,将为区域经济发展中白酒文化资源的有效开发提供保障.     

对中国白酒产品标准的再认识

介绍了我国白酒标准的现状、存在的问题及解决的思路。     

优质酒生产串蒸新工艺

利用双轮母糟代替扔糟进行酒精串蒸，最大限度地提取母糟的香味物质。试验表明，双轮母糟串入适量的酒精，其酒质具有原粮食酒的质量风格，酒质口感得到改善，优质品率得到提高，达到了节粮降耗、综合利用、优化工艺的目的。     

Kinetics of wet oxidation of black liquor over a Pt–Pd–Ce/alumina catalyst

The catalytic oxidation of industrial wastewater from paper and pulp mills has been investigated in a slurry reactor at a temperature range 433–463 K and at pressures from 1.5 to 2.2 MPa. Adding Ce on alumina support promotes the catalytic activity for oxidation of black liquor. Pt–Pd–Ce/alumina catalyst shows a promising activity for wet catalytic oxidation of black liquor. The oxidation reaction over a Pt–Pd–Ce catalyst is characterized by an initial fast reaction step followed by a slow reaction step. The rate of total organic carbon (TOC) reduction was described by first-order kinetics with respect to TOC concentration in black liquor for both initial and later reaction steps. The activation energies were determined to be 54.53 and 50.13 kJ/mol for the initial and later oxidation steps, respectively. Comparison of the data with the generalized kinetic model was also presented.     

蒸氨废液物性参数的测定

以吉兰泰碱厂蒸氨废液为对象，测定了不同浓度蒸氨废液的化学组成、粘度、ｐＨ值、盐类析出浓度等物性参数，并对粘度及ｐＨ值的数据进行回归。测定结果为蒸氨废液的处理、利用和进一步研究及实际生产提供了可靠的基础数据     

酸洗废液制取聚合铁及其应用

介绍了利用轧钢酸洗废液作为原料，经浓缩后在反应釜内生产聚合硫酸铁的新工艺，简介了该产品作为无机高分子混凝剂在净化原水的应用效果。